The objective of Operation "Finale" was to capture Adolf Eichmann, one of the architects of the Nazi's Final Solution, and who played a central role in the genocide of European Jews during World War Two. After the war, he fled to Argentina and hid as Ricardo Clement.

After receiving information from a local Jew and a German prosecutor, a team of Mossad and Shin Bet (Israel Security Agency) agents was sent to Argentina to capture Eichmann. Eichmann was apprehended near his home on May 11, 1960, held in a safe house, and smuggled to Israel on an El Al flight. After a widely publicized trial, Eichmann was convicted of crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people, and war crimes, and was executed by hanging in 1962.