Operation "Damocles" was a series of Mossad operations across Europe and Egypt aimed at thwarting and halting the activities of German scientists who were involved in developing surface-to-surface missiles and weapon systems for the Egyptian military.

Wolfgang Lotz was an Israeli undercover agent who operated in Egypt on behalf of the Mossad in the 1960s and also assisted in gathering intelligence on missile development. He successfully infiltrated the social circles of the scientists and government officials, providing valuable information on the Egyptian military’s preparations and armament . He was captured in 1965 and sentenced to life imprisonment,  and was released in a prisoner exchange deal after the Six Day War.